摘要
随着全球人口的持续增长，粮食安全问题已逐渐演变成为一个迫切需要全球各国共同面对和解决的严峻挑战。植物生物技术以其前沿性和创新性，提供了一种极具潜力的解决方案。通过运用精准的基因编辑技术，科学家们能够精确地修改作物的基因，从而优化其生长特性；转基因技术的应用，则使得作物具备了更高的抗逆性和适应性；而分子标记辅助选择方法的引入，更是为作物的育种工作带来了革命性的变革。这些先进的技术手段不仅能够显著提升作物的产量和品质，还能有效增强作物对各种病虫害的抵御能力，进而为全球粮食安全提供了坚实的保障。
关键词： 植物生物技术；作物改良；粮食安全；农业可持续发展
Abstract
With the continuous growth of global population, the issue of food security has gradually evolved into a serious challenge that urgently needs to be faced and solved by all countries around the world. Plant biotechnology, with its cutting-edge and innovative nature, offers a highly promising solution. Through the use of precise gene editing technology, scientists are able to modify crop genes to optimise growth characteristics; the application of transgenic technology has resulted in more resilient and adaptive crops; and the introduction of molecular marker-assisted selection (MMA) methods has brought about a revolutionary change in crop breeding. These advanced technologies can not only significantly improve crop yield and quality, but also effectively enhance crop resistance to various pests and diseases, thus providing a solid guarantee for global food security.
Key words： Plant biotechnology; Crop improvement; Food security; Sustainable agricultural development
参考文献 References
[1] Gao C. Genome engineering for crop improvement and future agriculture[J]. Cell, 2021, 184(6): 1621-1635.
[2] Kang M S. Crop improvement: challenges in the twenty-first century[M]. CRC Press, 2024.
[3] Genome engineering for crop improvement[M]. Wiley, 2021.
[4] Ahmar S, Mahmood T, Fiaz S, et al. Advantage of nanotechnology-based genome editing system and its application in crop improvement[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, 12: 663849.
[5] Munaweera T I K, Jayawardana N U, Rajaratnam R, et al. Modern plant biotechnology as a strategy in addressing climate change and attaining food security[J]. Agriculture & Food Security, 2022, 11(1): 1-28.
[6] Abdelrahman M, Wei Z, Rohila J S, et al. Multiplex genome-editing technologies for revolutionizing plant biology and crop improvement[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, 12: 721203.
[7] Wikandari R, Manikharda, Baldermann S, et al. Application of cell culture technology and genetic engineering for production of future foods and crop improvement to strengthen food security[J]. Bioengineered, 2021, 12(2): 11305-11330.
[8] Yang Y, Saand M A, Huang L, et al. Applications of multi-omics technologies for crop improvement[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2021, 12: 563953.
[9] 王玉杰,冷春旭,孙中义,等.浅析生物技术在作物育种中的应用[J].农业科技通讯, 2022(2): 4-6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2022.02.001.
[10] 胡晓振.生物技术在农作物改良与抗病虫害中的应用研究[J].棉花科学, 2023(001):045.
[11] 刘敬斌.现代科技和生物工程在农作物生产中的应用[J]. 2024.
[12] 张佳,王伟仁,翟世宏.生物技术在现代农作物种植方面的应用[J].南方农机, 2019, 50(5): 1. DOI: CNKI: SUN: NFLJ.0.2019-05-054.
[13] 王裴林,周利利,梁成真,等.棉花线粒体基因cRT-PCR改良及其在寻找CMS相关基因中的应用[J].生物技术进展, 2019, 9(3):6.DOI:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2018.0134.
[14] 孟祥彬,张红兵.农作物产品的生物技术壁垒与贸易保护问题分析[J].分子植物育种, 2023, 21(17):5687-5691.DOI:10.13271/j.mpb.021.005687.
[15] 王繁华,乐亮,普莉.合成生物学在作物遗传改良中的应用[J].中国科学:生命科学, 2024, 54(5): 845-865.DOI: 10.1360/SSV-2023-0230.
[16] 赖郑诗雨,黄赞唐,孙洁婷,等.CRISPR/Cas基因组编辑技术及其在农作物品种改良中的应用[J].科学通报, 2022, 67(17):15.DOI:10.1360/TB-2022-0197.
[17] Chao LI,Eleanor BRANT, Hikmet BUDAK,等. CRISPR/Cas: 一个获得诺贝尔奖的用于基因治疗和作物改良的精准基因组编辑技术 (英文)[J].浙江大学学报 (英文版) (B辑:生物医学和生物技术) , 2021(4): 253-285.